Phono Preamps

A phono preamp is an electronic device that amplifies the very low-level signal from a turntable to a level that a standard amplifier or receiver can use. Vinyl records produce sound through very fine grooves that result in a signal much quieter than other audio sources like CDs or digital files. Additionally, the signal from a turntable is affected by the RIAA equalisation curve, which needs to be corrected. A phono preamp not only amplifies the signal but also applies this necessary RIAA equalisation.

Generally, you cannot connect a turntable directly to speakers unless both the turntable and the speakers have built-in phono preamps. Most turntables output a phono-level signal, which is too weak to drive speakers directly. Active or powered speakers with a built-in phono preamp or a turntable with a built-in preamp connected to active speakers can work without an external phono preamp. Otherwise, an external phono preamp is needed to match the signal level to what typical audio inputs require.

MM (Moving Magnet) and MC (Moving Coil) refer to two different types of cartridges used in turntables, which have differing requirements for phono preamplification.

• MM cartridges are more common and produce a higher output level, requiring less amplification.
• MC cartridges tend to offer higher fidelity but produce a much lower signal level, requiring more amplification and a lower noise circuit in the phono preamp.

Some phono preamps are compatible with both MM and MC cartridges, featuring switchable settings to accommodate either type. It's crucial to match your phono preamp to the type of cartridge you have for optimal sound quality.

A phono preamp significantly impacts sound quality by influencing the noise level, clarity, and overall tonal balance of the audio signal from your turntable. A high-quality phono preamp can provide a cleaner, more detailed sound by accurately amplifying the signal and applying precise RIAA equalisation with minimal added noise or distortion. The quality of the components and design of the phono preamp contribute to its ability to preserve the nuances and dynamics of vinyl playback.

Most phono preamps are designed to work with a wide range of turntables and audio systems, but there are a few compatibility considerations:

• Ensure the phono preamp supports the type of cartridge you have (MM or MC).
• Verify the connectivity options match your system, with appropriate inputs for your turntable and outputs to connect to your amplifier or receiver.
• Consider the phono preamp's power requirements and whether it matches your setup, especially if it requires an external power supply.

By keeping these factors in mind, you can select a phono preamp that integrates well with your turntable and enhances your vinyl listening experience.